[…] They stand in oppressing need of [the goodwill of] the kings of Awdaghost because of the salt which comes to them from the lands of Islam. Once the conquering of another state was complete, the king would allow the standing government officials to stay in power and become part of the administration. Electricity in Ghana is a key determinant of the country’s continued economic growth, but supply has recently struggled to keep up with demand. [The King of] Ghana is the wealthiest king on the face of the earth because of his treasures and stocks of gold extracted in olden times for his predecessors and himself. It was an important oasis in the Southern end of a the caravan route. At the door of the pavilion are dogs of excellent pedigree who hardly ever leave the place where the king is, guarding him. Only the kings and the rich eat wheat there. When the people who profess the same Excellent cucumbers grow there, and there are a few small fig trees and some vines, as well as plantations of henna that produce a large crop. It is clear that there was a split in towns in relation to religious beliefs. Africa: primary sources British government records Search this Guide Search. Biomass, solar, wind energy and mini-hydro are some of the alternative sources the use of which are being encouraged. Much gold was located within the empire mostly in its territories it controlled. Ghana Quiz Questions with Answers. Much of the government officials were muslim as was not a problem. ( Log Out /  Cattle and sheep are so numerous that for a mithqal one may buy 10 rams or more. All other people wear robes of cotton, silk, or brocade, according o their means. 7. The aim of this study was to … Questions developed by Dorian Bowman, Winsor School. Disability and Rehabilitation in Late Colonial Ghana; Mental Illness and Stigma in Ghana; Resources. The National Reconciliation Commission’s mandate was to promote national reconciliation among Ghanaians by establishing "an accurate and complete historical … G.I. Stratified sampling technique was employed to select 250 respondents for the study. Lean Library can solve it. President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo has announced that Kindergarten, primary, and Junior Highs school (JHS) pupils in both private and government schools will resume school on January 15, 2021. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. 1. Ongoing grid expansions would allow further exports to other neighboring countries in the sub region. It is a fact that Ghana has experienced various forms of education since pre-colonial era. The town of Ghiyaru is twelve miles from the [Niger River] and contains The nuggets found in all the mines of his country are reserved for the king, only this gold dust being left for the people. It was found out that inadequate funding sources, and insufficient premium were some of the challenges of financing health care delivery in Ghana. ( Log Out /  Much gold was located within the empire mostly in its territories it controlled. After a long period of colonial rule, the newly elected Assembly of Ghana, passed a motion directing the government to demand independence from Britain. Other than gold, much trade was conducted through the empire of Ghana. The Center for Research Libraries (CRL) is an international consortium of university, college, and independent research libraries. Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, Ghana lost an average of 125,400 ha or 1.68% per year. Kingdom of Ghana Primary Source Documents Writings of Al Bakri (1057) The following description of the Kingdom of Ghana was written by Al-Bakri, a member of a prominent Spanish Arab family who lived during the 11 th century. The king of Ghana when he calls up his army, can put 200,000 men into the field, more than 40,000 of them archers. The king adorns himself like a woman (wearing necklaces) round his neck and (bracelets) on his forearms, and he puts on a high cap decorated with gold and wrapped in a turban of fine cotton. There are handsome buildings and fine houses. Research shows that adolescent girls are usually unable to get an education due to factors such as poverty, gender inequality and long distances from school. Among the people who follow the king’s religion only he and his heir apparent (who is the son of his sister) may wear sewn clothes. A major power crisis in 2006–7 is estimated to have reduced GDP growth by one percent. Ghana, the Ministry of Science and Technology in China together with the UNDP Country Offices in Accra and Beijing. When did the Portuguese build Elmina Castle? Also talked more in depth about the muslim part of life and the great mosques and muslim religoius infrustructere of the Empire. The project, with funding from DANIDA, is facilitating exchange of ... resources in the country. The following description of the Kingdom of Ghana was written by Al-Bakri, a member of a prominent Spanish Arab family who lived during the 11th century. Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African History, Walter Rodney Lecture: Youth, Pop Culture and Terror Warfare in Sierra Leone, Democracy's Preludes: Citizenship and Contentious Politics in Egypt and South Africa, Walter Rodney Lecture: Re-Modeling the Christianization of Egypt, Historical Sketch of the African Studies Center, Opportunities for Learning Languages in Africa, Criteria of Excellence for Promotion to the Rank of Senior Lecturer, Conflict, Politics, and Human Rights in Africa, Program for the Study of the African Environment, Working Group on Land Mortgage & Inclusion, Best Children’s and young adult books on Africa, African Studies Library Featured Resource. A Muslim geographer, he lived most of his life in Cordova and Almeria, and never left Islamic Spain. Between these two towns are continuous habitations. Round their necks they wear collars of gold and silver studded with a number of balls of the same metals. 79-81. A research guide to primary and secondary sources for African history. The royal family and administrators were definitely more rich then the common person. b) Togo. Sustained demand growth of over 6 percent per year has strained the already overburdened electricity system. After Ghana fell because of invading forces and internal disputes, Mali rose to greatness under the leadership of a legendary king named Sundiata, the "Lion King." Article11 of the 1992 Ghana Constitution states that the laws of Ghana shall comprise: 1. The Ghana Empire, called the Wagadou (or Wagadu) Empire by its rulers, was located in what is now southeastern Mauritania, western Mali, and eastern Senegal. From a load of copper the king’s due is five mithqals, [i.e., the weight of five dinars] and from a load of other goods ten mithqals. Primary Sources; Bibliographies; Links; The Research Team; Contact Us How to cite this article. Benefits of … The author seemed to talk in a way that makes muslims seem more of an upper class because of the extensive mosques and money put into the religious infrastructure of their towns. In many towns throughout the empire they were made up of like religions as there would be a town occupied almost totally by muslims with a neighboring town full of traditionalists. There is no consensus on when precisely it originated, but its development is linked to the changes in trade that emerged throughout the centuries after the introduction of the camel to the western Sahara (3rd century). ... Sources of Law in Ghana. The talk of how much gold was in the palace was extensive and very particular. many Muslims. U.S. government records; British government records. The king’s interpreters, the official in charge of his treasury and the majority of his ministers are Muslims. How did the King of Ghana administer his States? The nuggets may weigh from an ounce to a pound. How does this account reflect the social classes that were in Ghana? It is related that the king owns a nugget as large as a big stone. b) English. A very rich area of gold was the Ghiyaru area. In the end he states “the traditional religion….. their pagans they worship idols”. Primary Source has provided in-district training about Ghana’s history and culture for 2nd grade teachers in Massachusetts for many years. The governor of the city sits on the ground before the king and around him are ministers seated likewise. c) Gold Coast. Here is an excerpt about the Oasis town of Awdaghost Awdaghost is a former Berber town in current Mauritiania. Victor Essien. Ghana had 260,000 ha of planted forest. Why was Ghana a wealthy state? Although Ghana has been successful at closing the gender gap when it comes to completing school at primary education level, it is still high at secondary level. (PRIMARY 1-3) Enquiries and comments on this syllabus should be addressed to: The Director Curriculum Research and Development Division (CRDD) P. O. He wrote about the Sahara after gathering information from merchants and other visitors. The Government has outlined t… When did Ghana become independent? ( Log Out /  As the document stated “every donkey load of salt that was brought in was taxed 1 gold dinar and every load that left was taxed 2 dinars”. This site features digital copies of 113 antique maps of Africa and accompanying text dating from the mid 16th Century to the early 20th Century. Hopkins, Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African History, (Cambridge University Press, 1981) pp. Change ). … By the time of the Muslim conquest of North Africa in the 7th century, the camel had changed the earlier, more irregular trade rout… Africa: primary sources. Throughout Africa a large number of people use pangolins as a source of traditional medicine, however, there is a dearth of information on the use of animals in folk medicine in Ghana, in particular the use of pangolins. In Awdaghust there is one cathedral mosque and many smaller ones all well attended. The king’s town is six miles distant from this one…. All of them shave their beards, and women shave their heads. Year: 2019. Their transactions are in gold, and hey have no silver. 3. Primary Source “Kingdom of Ghana”. ... Ghana. The audience is announced by the beating of a drum which they call duba made from a long hollow log. 6. September, 2007 Republic of Ghana. The Ghana Empire (c. 300 until c. 1100), properly known as Wagadou (Ghana being the title of its ruler), was a West African empire located in the area of present-day southeastern Mauritania and western Mali.Complex societies based on trans-Saharan trade in salt and gold had existed in the region since ancient times, but the introduction of the camel to the western Sahara in the 3rd century CE, opened … Any Orders, Rules and Regulations made by any person or authority under a power conferred by this Constitution [or subsidiary or subordinate legislation]; 4. ii TEACHING SYLLABUS FOR ENGLISH (PRIMARY SCHOOL) RATIONALE The status of English Language and the role it plays in national life are well known. religion as the king approach him they fall on their knees and sprinkle dust on their head, for this is their way of greeting him. This showed a good connection between the King of Ghana and the conquered Kings of the states under Ghana’s control. The resumption of school for kids in kindergarten and primary schools should be reversed, the National Association of Graduate Teachers (NAGRAT) has said. The existing law or the written and unwritten laws of Ghana that existed immediately before the coming into force of the 1992 … Jones Photographic Archive of Southeastern Nigeria Art and Culture. ( Log Out /  On every donkey-load of salt when it is brought into the country their king levies one golden dinar and two dinars when it is sent out. They cannot do without this salt, of which one land, in the interior and more remote parts of the land of Sudan, may fetch between 200 and 300 dinars. The market there is at all times full of people, so that owing to the great crowd and the noise of voices it is almost impossible for a man to hear the words of one sitting beside him. a) 6 March 1957. Visit Back2BU for the latest updates and information on BU's response to COVID-19. 5. Truth Commission: Ghana. Of this 8.0% ( 395,000 ) is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse and carbon-dense form of forest. Al-Bakir 1067. The best gold found in his land comes from the town of Ghiyaru, which is eighteen days’ traveling distant from the king’s town over a country inhabited by tribes of the Soudan whose dwellings are continuous. But for this the people would accumulate gold until it lost its value. The barchart show only products that Ghana is not specialized in. The analysis is based on a wide range of data sources, including specifically commissioned reports, and draws on a lot of previous work and research pertinent to education in Ghana. ASA Outreach Council Annual Teacher’s Workshop – Registration now available. Other than gold, much trade was conducted through the empire of Ghana. After his death, however, his sons could not hold the empire together. A Muslim geographer, he lived most of his life in Cordova and Almeria, and never left Islamic Spain. Ghana’s power supply sources are from hydroelectricity, thermal fueled by crude oil, natural gas and diesel, solar and also imports from La Cote D’Ivoire. Wheat is grown there, by digging with hoes and it is watered with buckets. With vast arable lands and unlimited potential for crop production which can be converted into a wide range of liquid and solid biofuels, it remains a potent source that can deliver up to 60% of the country’s energy needs. Language: English. Around the town are gardens with date palms. Later, another great leader named Mansa Musa extended the empire. These are the observations of a Muslim Spaniard who traveled through the kingdom of Ghana in the 11th century. Both Muslims and traditionalists both had high respect for the King of Ghana and recognized him as ruler. … The best gold is found in his land comes from the town of Ghiyaru, which is eighteen days’ traveling distance from the king’s town over a country inhabited by tribes of the Sudan whose dwellings are continuous…. He sits in audience or to hear grievances against officials in a domed pavilion around which stand ten horses covered with gold-embroidered materials. Awdaghost is a former Berber town in current Mauritiania. 2. As the opposition party was not part of the debate, the motion … Download PDF (4 MB) Focus areas: Monitoring and evaluation. Which is the capital of Ghana? The people of Awdaghust enjoy extensive benefits and huge wealth. Founded in 1949, CRL supports original research and inspired teaching in the humanities, sciences, and social sciences by preserving and making available to scholars a wealth of rare and uncommon primary source materials from all world regions. Accessing resources off campus can be a challenge. A combination of primary and secondary sources was used to collect data for the study. Relatedness measures the distance between a country's current exports and each product. Discuss some of the preconceptions of Al-Bakri in this account? Sources include excerpts from the 17th c. Journal of Jan van Riebeeck, letters of the grand-daughter of Jan van Riebeeck, rock art of the San, drawings, narrative of the Cape (Southern Africa) 1705 to 1713, the situation of slaves in the Cape, letter of Mary Moffat, narrative by Mary Kingsley, autobiography of Buchi Emecheta, African novels, excerpt from Tsitsi Dangarembga's novel Nervous Conditions. This made Ghana very wealthy. Awdaghust possesses wells with water. Behind the king stand ten pages holding shields and swords decorated with gold, and on his right are the sons of the (vassel) kings of his country wearing splendid garments and their hair plaited with gold. In the King’s palace the document stated “ that to his right were the sons of the vassals of his empire”. ... Primary Source: Kingdom of … There is definitely some feel of ethnocentrism favoring the muslims of Ghana. Section IV, Africa Missions. Glimpses of Ghana by Al-Bakir (excerpt) HistoryWiz Primary Source. sources radio gh; sp ghana radio; space 87.7 fm; space fm tarkwa; spark 103.5 fm; speak fm; spin gh; spirit fm; splash 92.9 fm; sprint life radio; spy fm online; squash fm; sradio5; st. francis radio; st. … Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. There was religious freedom in Ghana. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Their religion is paganism and the worship of idols…. Document type: Education sector analysis. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. Which country is to the east of Ghana? Ghana became an independent state on March 6, 1957, when Britain relinquished its control over the Gold Coast and Ashanti, the Northern Territories Protectorate, and British Togoland. As the official language, it is … As for the Muslims, they greet him only by clapping their hands…. The rest of the people eat sorghum. Around the king’s town are domed buildings and groves and thickets where the sorcerers of these people, men in charge of the religious cult, live. The King of Awdaghost maintains relations with the King of Ghana. Al-Bakri, The Book of Routes and Realms, cited in Levitzion and. Primary Sources History : Africa: Primary Sources. It c) 1482. There are salaried imams and muezzins, as well as jurists and scholars. This among many other goods were taxed on the way in and also on the way out (double tax system). Honey too is very abundant, brought from the land of the Sudan. Enactments made by or under the authority of the Parliament established by the Constitution [or legislation]; 3. 4. In the environs are wells with sweet water, from which they drink and with which they grow vegetables. a) Accra. Learn more. Nevertheless, many urban inhabitants return … In them too are their idols and the tombs of their kings. Hydroelectricity is the primary source of Ghana’s power and is generated by the Volta River Authority (VRA).The Electricity Company of Ghana distributes electricity mainly in the southern sector of the country whiles the VRA is responsible for the northern sector. They indicate the complexity of the society. In Roads and Kingdoms (1057), he wrote the following excerpts: The city of Ghana consists of two towns situated on a plain. An integral component of our programming is a first-hand account of Ghanaian life, and most recently we had the pleasure of working with Ghanaian college student Crystal Kwabea Adu-Poku, of Wellesley College. Ibn Hawqal, writing in 951 on trade and the importance of salt. Primary Sources 16th-20th Century Maps of Africa. Regions and countries: Sub-Saharan Africa: Ghana. In total, between 1990 and 2010, Ghana lost 33.7% of its forest cover, or around 2,508,000 ha. Article Metrics; Related Articles; Comments; Cite. In all the mosques there are teachers of the Koran. Ghana also exports power to Togo, Benin and Burkina Faso. Ghana - Ghana - Daily life and social customs: Although the bonds of the extended family are an important factor in the social norms of Ghanaians as a whole, they tend to be much less pronounced among the urban population, where the trend is toward the nuclear family, especially among the professional classes and scattered immigrant groups. Students can find additional information in the Undergraduate Student Guide and Graduate & Professional Student Guide. The Constitution; 2. Church Missionary Society archive. A very rich area of gold was the Ghiyaru area. A longer excerpt of Al-Bakri’s writings can be found here. Citation Tools. These woods are guarded and none may enter them and know what is there…. If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your … …In the king’s town, and not far from his court of justice, is a mosque where the Muslims who arrive at his court pray. The Government of Ghana, with the help of international donors, has sought to strengthen the electricity sector in response to this challenge. How was Ghana formerly known? Most were either muslim or followed the traditional religion such as the King of Ghana himself followed. Journal of Black Studies 1994 24: 3, 246-262 Download Citation. British Documents on the End of Empire Project: Nigeria. One of these towns, which is inhabited by Muslims, is large and possesses twelve mosques, in which they assemble for the Friday prayer. The top export opportunities for Ghana according to the relatedness index, are Coconut Oil (0.11), Crustaceans (0.11), Raw Cotton (0.11), Petroleum Gas (0.1), and Tin Ores (0.1). Mosques and places of worship were very common in the Ghana Empire. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. A history of disability rights in Ghana; Collaboration and Partners; Photovoice Project; Publications. Which is the official language of Ghana? To address the attendant effects of such short-term planning of the overall development of the renewable energy sector, the Renewable Energy Master Plan has been developed with the goal It was an important oasis in the Southern end of a the caravan route. Traditional medicine has been practised in Ghana for centuries with the majority of Ghanaians still patronising the services of traditional healers. 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