coping skills for students during covid 19 coping skills for students during covid 19

2023 Jan 20;20(3):1921. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031921. In general, problem-focused coping strategies, also known as adaptive coping strategies, include planning, active coping, positive reframing, acceptance, and humor (Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010). Data were collected online in May and June 2020 using Qualtrics after obtaining approval from the IRBs of our respective universities. Cleveland, Ask your supervisor for help. Research has demonstrated that this exacerbates existing mental health concerns among university students (Klussman et al., 2020). Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541572. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(3), 387393. Data was gathered from 577 students from 17 universities. Partial eta squared was reported as the measure of effect size. Yet, despite the rapid emergence of these important studies, we still know little about how college students . Coping strategies with insignificant mediating role are not included in the table. Researchers have reported that high levels of technology and social media use are associated with depression and anxiety among adolescents and young adults (Huckins et al., 2020; Primack et al., 2017; Twenge, 2017). During the pandemic, optimism, hope, and resiliency have been significant predictors of well-being. SuperBetter: A revolutionary approach to getting stronger, happier, braver and more resilient. The relationship between psychological capital, coping with stress, well-being, and performance. Now is my chance to help others. Madhyastha, S., Latha, K. S., & Kamath, A. Perhaps youre juggling your childrens educational needs as well as your own. 2021;18(1): 355. (2020). In January 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a new coronavirus disease, COVID-19, to be a public health emergency of international concern, and the effects continue to be widespread and ongoing. B., & Zvolensky, M. J. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the At a time of significant stress, promoting the highest human performance and adaptation not only helps with well-being in the midst of the challenge but also can provide a foundation for future potential for optimal well-being (Joseph & Linley, 2008). Medicine, Psychology. In this context, positive coping strategies and PsyCap may be increasingly valuable assets for university students to address the psychological challenges associated with this pandemic and to maintain or enhance their well-being. A single overall flourishing score provides a global indication of well-being, and at the same time, the domain-specific PERMA scores provide meaningful and practical benefits with regard to the possibility of targeted interventions. WebOwning Your Feelings & Moving Through Emotional Discomfort. Clarifying the relation of acculturative stress and anxiety/depressive symptoms: The role of anxiety sensitivity among Hispanic college students. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 679704. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 877891. Coping with this stress may help you. Coping strategies were evaluated using the Brief COPE questionnaire (Carver, 1997), which is a short form (28 items) of the original COPE inventory (Carver et al., 1989). Get enough sleep. Of course, its good to stay informed, especially PERMA-Profiler Data Analysis Procedure Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 24(2), 221230. https://doi.org/10.2196/20185, Hunt, J., & Eisenberg, D. (2010). It is important to remember that not everything being said about COVID-19 is accurate. You made the JV team in 10th grade, later played in college, and still think of Callahan every time you succeed at work. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267283. Be sure to address your own concerns separately so you can focus on patients during sessions. Do you have other coping strategies that have helped you reduce stress related to COVID-19? Participants were asked to complete the well-being assessment twicefirst, by responding as they recalled their well-being prior to COVID-19, and second, by responding as they reflected on their well-being during the pandemic. These include approaches to building positive emotions (Fredrickson, 2009); coping strategies, which were found in this study to boost well-being (Jardin et al., 2018; Lyubomirsky, 2008); and effective goal pursuits (F. Luthans & Youssef-Morgan, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9933-3, Hoover, E. (2020). Correspondence may be addressed to Priscilla Rose Prasath, 501 W. Cesar E. Chavez Boulevard, Durango Building, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78207, priscilla.prasath@utsa.edu. Thus, based on the current results and on the participatory model of intervention, a support program for students is proposed which would involve psychological, organizational, and instrumental support. All rights reserved. Physical Activity and Mental Health of Medical Students from Poland and Belarus-Countries with Different Restrictive Approaches during the COVID-19 Pandemic. There is robust empirical support suggesting that individuals with higher PsyCap have higher levels of performance (job and academic); satisfaction; engagement; attitudinal, behavioral, and relational outcomes; and physical and psychological health and well-being outcomes. Future researchers should consider issues of internal consistency as they choose scales and interpret results. 2021 Apr;30(2):194-201. doi: 10.1080/09638237.2021.1922636. P = Positive Emotion, E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, L = Loneliness. Demographic Questionnaire Weband is associated with psychosocial coping skills and resources, degree of experienced psy- university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A machine learning approach. 2023. The authors reported no conflict of interest All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. Int J Environ Res Public Health. WebCOVID-19 Coping Strategies. Epub 2021 May 12. Sci Prog. National Survey of College Counseling Centers 2014. International Association of Counseling Services, Inc. http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/28178. Before Each item is rated on an 11-point scale ranging from never (0) to always (10), or not at all (0) to completely (10). You can only control your own thoughts, feelings and behaviors. WebThus, the objective of this study was aimed at accentuating the coping strategies of students for online teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Accessibility The uncertainty about what comes next. The COVID-19 outbreak caused global disruptions in all aspects of life. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Coping with COVID-19-related stress as Coping in the era of coronavirus: A webinar for students, APA electronic resources available for distance learning, Free Access to the Publication Manual and Other Resources During the Coronavirus Pandemic. But too much news especially social media can add to your anxiety. Instead of worrying about our ambiguous future, focus on solving immediate problems. Good relationships, good performance: The mediating role of psychological capital: A three-wave study among students. Northwestern University. Instruments utilized in the study measured psychological capital (Psychological Capital Questionnaire [PCQ-12]; Avey, Avolio et al., 2011), coping (Brief COPE; Carver, 1997), and well-being (PERMA-Profiler; Butler & Kern, 2016). Assessing the effects of a personal effectiveness training on psychological capital, assertiveness and self-awareness using self-other agreement. Your classmates have probably scattered. You want to measure coping but your protocols too long: Consider the Brief COPE. From the Great Depression to 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina, victims of these life-shattering events have had to deal with their present circumstances and were also left with worries about how life and society would be inexorably altered in the future. Cronbachs alpha coefficients as a measure of internal consistency of the HERO subscales in the current study were highhope ( = .86), self-efficacy ( = .86), resilience ( = .73), and optimism ( = .83)consistent with the previous studies. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. 2022 Dec 7;19(24):16423. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416423. McGonigal, J. Similarly, approach coping strategies such as active coping, positive reframing, and acceptance (Carver, 1997) were resilient strategies to handle pandemic stress whereas using emotional support and planning showed weaker but significant roles. Helpful strategies of coping Even something as simple as turning on your webcam during virtual classes can help you and others feel more connected. Engagement coping includes problem-focused coping and some forms of emotion-focused coping, such as support seeking, emotion regulation, acceptance, and cognitive restructuring. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(1), 310. 2021 Jul-Sep;104(3):368504211029812. doi: 10.1177/00368504211029812. Below are strategies and resources that may help you cope with stress. College student retention: An exploration of the relationship between self-efficacy beliefs and purpose in life among university students. Next are engagement (E), the act of being highly interested, absorbed, or focused in daily life activities, and relationships (R), the feelings of being cared about by others and authentically and securely connected to others. Limit your media consumption. (2020, April 14). Breathing exercises - Psychologist Dr. Karen Treisman leads you through a variety of quick, effective exercises to soothe the nervous system: Houseparty App: a free social networking service that allows groups to play games together virtually. Experts are projecting increases in depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicide in the United States (Wan, 2020). Priscilla Rose Prasath, PhD, MBA, LPC (TX), is an assistant professor at the University of Texas at San Antonio. And having to stay home can be lonely. WebDr. Healthcare workers were exposed to this highly infectious virus during the pandemic and suffered several social and psychological consequences, such as anxiety, psychological distress, and burnout. Universities across the country closed for in-person instruction and activities, transitioning to remote learning. Seligmans (2011) PERMA model is one of the most highly regarded models of well-being. These feelings are normal. Physical health significantly reduced from 6.58 to 5.91. 2023 Feb 10;13(2):429-439. doi: 10.3390/ejihpe13020032. The study further analyses the causes of Malaysian university students' grievances and challenges and psychological effects in (1988). The COVID-19 outbreak caused global disruptions in all aspects of life. Consistent with prior research (Avey, Reichard et al., 2011; F. Luthans & Youssef-Morgan, 2017; Youssef-Morgan & Luthans, 2015), we found that PsyCap predicted well-being. SAGE. P = Positive Emotion, E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, L = Loneliness. Fredrickson, B. L. (2009). However, during the pandemic, the covariance of the PsyCap dimensions with well-being increased to 39% (R2 = .39, p < .01). Students stressed out due to coronavirus, new survey finds. Data Collection Procedures Weband is associated with psychosocial coping skills and resources, degree of experienced psy- university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A machine learning approach. Journal of College Student Development, 50(1), 1934. (2019). Exercise regularly. The age of participants ranged from 18 to 66 (M = 27.36, SD = 9.9). Another thing you cant control? and transmitted securely. Findings on the effectiveness of problem-focused coping strategies versus emotion-focused coping strategies suggest the effectiveness of the particular strategy is contingent on the context, with controllable issues being better addressed through problem-focused strategies, while emotion-focused strategies are more effective with circumstances that cannot be controlled (Finkelstein-Fox & Park, 2019). Fourteen conceptually differentiable coping strategies are measured by the Brief COPE (Carver, 1997): active coping, planning, using emotional support, using instrumental support, venting, positive reframing, acceptance, denial, self-blame, humor, religion, self-distraction, substance use, and behavioral disengagement. Basic self-care will keep your immune system strong and your emotional reserves full. Chronicle of Higher Education. Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Well-being scores across all PERMA elements, including physical health, were lower than those reported retrospectively prior to the pandemic. Studies conducted during the COVID19 pandemic have shown a similar pattern: psychological resilience, coping behaviours and social support safeguard mental health and wellbeing among health care workers who are on the frontlines of the fights against this deadly virus (BlancoDonoso et al., 2021; Chew et al., 2020; Labrague & De los 2015;173: 9096. Psychological capital and beyond. Seligman (2011) proposed a theory of well-being stipulating that well-being was not simply the absence of mental illness (Keyes, 2002), but also the presence of five pillars with the acronym of PERMA (Seligman, 2002, 2011). https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v10i2.855, Lipson, S. K., Lattie, E. G., & Eisenberg, D. (2019). https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v6i3.526, Carmona-Halty, M., Schaufeli, W. B., & Salanova, M. (2019). No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to major changes in peoples lives via protective strategies aimed at limiting the transmission of COVID-19, including social distancing, lockdowns, cancelled or limited leisure activities and tutorials and supervision for students taking place digital. 2023 Feb 8;20(4):2988. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20042988. (2013). As a flexible learning method, most schools chose We examined whether the COVID-19 context shaped the efficacy of particular strategies to promote well-being. Health Psychology Review, 13(2), 137162. Sheldon and Lyubomirsky (2006) indicated that practicing gratitude helps people to cope with negative situations because it enables them to view such situations through a more positive lens. Most educational institutions made sure that instruction was uninterrupted at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conversely, when individuals employed problematic coping strategies such as behavioral disengagement and self-blame (Carver, 1997), the negative impacts were much stronger than the positive effect of adaptive coping strategies. Key findings are that the optimism, hope, and resilience dimensions of PsyCap are significant predictors of well-being, explaining a large amount of variance, with adaptive coping being conducive to flourishing. Students substance use (mean) and, Fig 8. Is there a significant difference in the well-being of university students prior to the onset of COVID-19 (reported retrospectively) and after the onset of COVID-19? (2012). Selvaraj, P. R., & Bhat, C. S. (2018). Mental Health For Remote Workers: Supporting Employees And One https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2018.1560229. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.56.2.267. Now is my chance to help others. The PERMA-Profiler (Butler & Kern, 2016) is a 23-item self-report measure that assesses the level of well-being across five well-being domains (i.e., positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, accomplishment) and additional subscales that measure negative emotion, loneliness, and physical health. Multivariate multiple regression was carried out to understand the predictive role of PsyCap on PERMA at two time points (before and during COVID-19). https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760500510676, Sin, N. L., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6). In this context, it could be useful to understand issues that people find most concerning and ways in which they cope with stress. The data were screened and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, v25). Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22(2), 127152. WebCoping Strategies Used by Student Nurses during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Literature Review. Gallagher, M. W., & Lopez, S. J. P = Positive Emotion, WebCOVID-19 pandemic made a sudden shift of all ages to online learning and distance learning instructions. (2015). Do coping strategies play a mediating role in the relationship between PsyCap and well-being. Psychological Capital Questionnaire Short Version (PCQ-12) WebAbstract This study sought to determine risk and protective factors related to COVID-19 pandemic-specific post-traumatic stress disorder in university students. Regarding race/ethnicity, most participants identified as Caucasian (83.6%, n = 509), while the remaining participants identified as African American (5.3%, n = 32), Hispanic or Latina/o (9.5%, n = 58), American Indian (0.8%, n = 5), Asian (3.6%, n = 22), or Other (2.7%, n = 17). Teaching university students active coping strategies, such as positive reframing and how to access emotional support, could help them cope with adverse situations. Positive expectancies and mental health: Identifying the unique contributions of hope and optimism. In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland (Eds. Copyright 2023 Mental Health America, Inc. preparing for your wellness during the COVID-19 outbreak, College During COVID: Balancing Academics & Fun, One Love Foundation x Mental Health America, How The Human-Animal Bond Increases Resilience And Empowers Us To Thrive, Managing Video Anxiety During Teletherapy, COVID-19 And Loneliness: When It Seems Like No One Cares, Maintaining Hope In The Face Of Uncertainty, Preparing For The Holidays During COVID-19, Be Kind to Your Mind: Stress Coping Strategies During COVID-19 (Webinar Recording), Facebook Live: Support Animals and COVID-19 Anxiety, Processing Big Changes: Grief And Loss During COVID-19. Iasiello, M., Bartholomaeus, J., Jarden, A., & Kelly, G. (2017). Surgeon General issued an advisory on the nations youth mental health crisis in December 2021. Am J Orthopsychiatry. Social distancing regulations were enforced in an attempt to halt virus spread. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. Think about the things you have done in the past that have brought you joy or helped you manage your stress. Interventions that are described as well-being approaches rather than those that highlight pathologies are less stigmatizing (Hunt & Eisenberg, 2010; Umucu et al., 2020) than traditional deficit-based therapeutic approaches. Mental health problems and help-seeking behavior among college students. (2018). The aim of this study was to understand how the sudden changes and uncertainty resulting from the pandemic affected the well-being of university students during the early period of the pandemic. All of these changes may have influenced students health A positive approach to management education: The relationship between academic PsyCap and student engagement. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.013, Rabenu, E., Yaniv, E., & Elizur, D. (2017). After cleaning the data, 197 surveys were excluded from the data analyses. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062106, Deaton, A. Several researchers have found that relatively short training in PsyCap interventions, including web-based platforms (Dello Russo & Stoykova, 2015; Demerouti et al., 2011; Ertosun et al., 2015; B. C. Luthans et al., 2012, 2013) have been effective. B., & Everette James, A. Journal of College Student Development, 56(8), 872875. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4(1), 92100. International journal of mental health nursing. https://www.chronicle.com/article/distanced-learning, Huckins, J. F., DaSilva, A. W., Wang, W., Hedlund, E., Rogers, C., Nepal, S. K., Wu, J., Obuchi, M., Murphy, E. I., Web1. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2018.1469738, Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006). (2015). https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903157166, Gallagher, R. P. (2014). official website and that any information you provide is encrypted These are potential areas of practice for college counselors and counselors serving university students. Wiley. Finkelstein-Fox, L., & Park, C. L. (2019). All of these changes may have influenced students health https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051813517003, Luthans, B. C., Luthans, K. W., & Jensen, S. M. (2012). Oxford University Press. This situation clearly showed the students' helplessness and difficulties with coping with this new, stressful situation, highlighted in many previous studies. Webstudents felt a lack of motivation, anxiety, stress, and isolation. Among university students, healthy coping strategies could buffer them from some of the unique challenges associated with acculturating and adjusting to college experiences (Jardin et al., 2018), especially during a pandemic. WebSupport in faith was a positive predictor for perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Results revealed that well-being was significantly lower during COVID-19 compared to before the onset of the pandemic.